What are the two main Latin names for subpoenas?

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Subpoenas come in two classic forms: one compels a person to appear and testify, and the other orders a person to bring documents or other tangible items. In Latin, these are subpoenas ad testificandum (to testify) and subpoenas duces tecum (bring with you). The ad testificandum form is used when a witness must give oral or deposition testimony, while the duces tecum form requires producing records or physical evidence at court or a deposition. These two phrases are the standard names you’ll see for subpoenas because they describe the two primary purposes of the command. Other terms like ad rem or writs of mandamus refer to different legal instruments, and summons is a broader term that doesn’t specify the documentary production aspect of a subpoena.